Introduction to OPFish by Jean Noel Druon: Productive fronts that result
from the resurgence of subsurface nutrient-rich waters such as on the edge
of eddies or gyres were shown to attract fish and top predators (Druon et
al. 2017, 2016, 2015, 2012, Panigada et al. 2017) as they are active long
enough (from weeks to months) to allow the development of mesozooplankton
populations (Druon et al. 2019). These productive oceanic features, which
are daily detected by ocean colour satellite sensors, are used as a spatial
proxy of food availability to fish populations. The satellite-derived Ocean
Productivity index for Fish (OPFish) represents the potential production of
high tropic level communities (fish) which results of the analysis of
feeding preferences of various trophic levels such as mesozooplankton,
small pelagic fish, hake recruits, tuna species, fin whale and blue shark.
Typical integration time of chlorophyll-a front occurrence (at 4.5 km
horizontal resolution) is of few days for the changing pelagic environment
and related predators while it is of about six to eighteen months for the
more static demersal species and communities. This analysis of habitat at
different trophic levels and the linked generic index of productivity
useful for fish show how productive fronts are common hotspots of
productivity for the marine food chains. We are currently comparing this
index to spatial data from commercial fisheries at different resolution
(from 0.5 to 0.05 degree) and to scientific surveys in the North-East
Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea. The OPFish index monitors the
capacity of the oceans to sustain living resources under the current effect
of climate change but independently of fisheries. The interaction between
spatial fishing effort and OPFish, which is a proxy for potential fish
distribution, will help guiding the distribution of effort to avoid
overfishing and facilitate sustainability.